Composition, lenses and photography terms

I would use a telephoto lens... when I'm taking a picture of a statue that's far away in the distance to get a realistic look for the photo.

I would use a prime lens to...take a picture of an indoor place, because more light gets in which the aperture is much bigger and can show more of a picture lighter and better.

I would use a wide-angle lens to...take a picture of a type of landscape to show the whole place. Almost like a panoramic picture but in just one click and in one picture.

Vocabulary:  
Depth of Field (shallow and wide)- it is what is in focus and how shallow or wide the photo will come out.
Light (angle and intensity)- where the light is coming from, and the brightness.
Shadows Diffusion- the light absence.
Exposure- on how the photo really looks like, if it's too bright or too dark.
Aperture (f-stop)- how big the lens opening is.
Shutter speed- the speed of the mirror and how fast the photo will be taken.
ISO- the sensor of inside the camera, the sensitivity of the light.